Denmark is set to increase inspections of vessels transporting Russian oil through its narrow straits in a move aimed at safeguarding environmental and maritime safety. The Danish Maritime Authority announced plans to conduct Port State Control checks on ships anchored outside Skagen that “cannot be considered in innocent passage.” This new policy, according to the authority, will ensure that these ships meet regulations concerning maritime safety, environmental protection, and seafarers’ welfare.
The decision comes as Denmark has observed a rise in the activity of older vessels involved in the transportation of Russian oil. Until now, Denmark only carried out inspections when ships docked at its ports—a situation rarely seen with vessels from Russia’s shadow fleet.
This policy shift marks a significant departure from Denmark’s long-standing stance, which had been to avoid interfering with Russian ships passing through Danish waters. A treaty dating back to 1857 guarantees free passage of vessels transiting the Danish straits, a factor that had previously deterred Denmark from more stringent oversight.
Meanwhile, the UK has begun scrutinizing ships passing through the English Channel since late last year, focusing on their insurance accreditation. Concerns over vessels from Russia’s shadow fleet have also heightened in the Baltic Sea following several incidents involving ships damaging subsea cables.
Russia’s shadow fleet, composed of approximately 700 ships, was formed in response to Western sanctions in an effort to keep its oil trade flowing. However, many of these vessels operate under unclear ownership structures, raising questions about their adherence to safety standards. Furthermore, many tankers transporting Russian oil are increasingly opting not to use specialist pilots to navigate through the Danish straits, elevating the risk of environmental disasters such as oil spills.
Denmark’s straits serve as a vital trade route for Russian oil, which has continued to pass through largely unimpeded since the start of the war in Ukraine. The oil trade has provided significant financial support to President Vladimir Putin’s war efforts. Many tankers involved in this trade anchor outside Skagen, with some vessels staying for extended periods—weeks or even months.
In response to mounting concerns, Denmark is working with other European nations to tackle the issue of the shadow fleet. In December, Denmark agreed to introduce checks on the insurance policies of passing tankers, a measure that could be followed by further action for vessels without adequate coverage. However, Copenhagen has emphasized that any new policies must align with international law and be pursued through cooperative international efforts.
The Danish Maritime Authority has highlighted the importance of targeting these high-risk vessels, stressing that accidents involving ships from the shadow fleet could lead to catastrophic consequences for safety, health, and the environment.
A recent inspection by Finland found a shadow fleet vessel responsible for damaging undersea cables in the Baltic Sea, revealing 32 faults and confirming the ship’s unseaworthiness.